Résumé
This report offers a detailed and accessible study of the vulnerabilities to organized crime affecting the securities sector in Canada. Much of the focus is directly or indirectly placed on Toronto (Ontario) and Montreal (Québec) given that these jurisdictions host and regulate the main Canadian stock and derivatives exchanges, respectively.
Contenu
1. Background -- 2. Objectives -- 3. Defining organized crime -- 4. The Canadian securities sector -- 4.1. Constitutional powers and the key role of the securities industry -- 4.2. Legal, regulatory, and statistical overview for Canada -- 4.3. The legal and regulatory framework in Ontario and Québec -- 4.4. ‘National’ self-regulatory organizations (SROs) -- 4.5. Criminal code offences -- 5. Organized crime in the securities sector -- 5.1. The prevalence of organized crime -- 5.2. Why the securities sector is vulnerable to organized crime infiltration -- 5.3. The nature of organized criminal activities in the securities sector -- 6. Securities sector vulnerability analysis -- 6.1. Interview and research data -- 6.2. Criminal intelligence -- 7. Findings – vulnerability profile -- 8. Conclusions.